Showing posts sorted by date for query graphs. Sort by relevance Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by date for query graphs. Sort by relevance Show all posts

Friday, January 17, 2020

Assignment 4-Analysis From Graphs- Duet Of Linear Equations Inwards Ii Variables



Given below is a graph representing twain of linear equations inwards ii variables.
x+y=4 , 3x-2y=12
Observe the next carefully...Given below is a graph representing twain of linear equations inwards ii variables Assignment 4-Analysis from graphs- Pair of linear equations inwards ii variablesAnalysis from graph assessment task
Given below is a graph representing twain of linear equations inwards ii variables x-y=2 , x+y=4 .





Given below is a graph representing twain of linear equations inwards ii variables Assignment 4-Analysis from graphs- Pair of linear equations inwards ii variables




Answer the next questions:


  1. What are the coordinates of points where ii lines come across x-axis?

  2. What are the coordinates of points where ii lines come across y-axis?

  3. What is the solution of given twain of equations? Read from graph.

  4. What is the expanse of triangle formed past times given lines in addition to x-axis?

  5. What is the expanse of triangle formed past times given lines in addition to x-axis?

Assignment 5- Expanse Of Shaded Region- Dyad Of Linear Equations Inward 2 Variables

What is the expanse of shaded percentage inwards each of next graphs?
What is the expanse of shaded percentage inwards each of next graphs Assignment 5- Area of shaded region- Pair of linear equations inwards 2 variables
What is the expanse of shaded percentage inwards each of next graphs Assignment 5- Area of shaded region- Pair of linear equations inwards 2 variablesWhat is the expanse of shaded percentage inwards each of next graphs Assignment 5- Area of shaded region- Pair of linear equations inwards 2 variablesWhat is the expanse of shaded percentage inwards each of next graphs Assignment 5- Area of shaded region- Pair of linear equations inwards 2 variablesWhat is the expanse of shaded percentage inwards each of next graphs Assignment 5- Area of shaded region- Pair of linear equations inwards 2 variables

Friday, October 25, 2019

Revision Alongside Twelvemonth 11

As this year's Maths GCSE exams are fast approaching, I idea it mightiness endure helpful to part a few of my revision resources.

My Year 11s expressed their frustration inwards trying to recollect the differences betwixt statistical graphs – especially histograms, frequency polygons together with cumulative frequency graphs. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 cardinal expanse of confusion is when to move midpoints, endpoints, course of written report widths etc. I created this for them to assist clarify these points:  GCSE Graphs Revision Summary

They besides fretted nearly which formulae they had to recollect for mass together with area. In course of written report nosotros went through this sheet - I asked them to label each formula according to whether they needed to acquire it or whether it was provided. I therefore gave them this formula summary to accept away.

In i revision lesson my Year 11s tested each other using these circle theorem revision cards from teachitmaths.co.uk. They loved this lesson together with demanded cards for every topic! I supplied them amongst the other cards from teachitmaths.co.uk, equally good equally my own mixed A* revision cards. I besides encouraged them to brand their ain cards at home.

There are many skillful revision checklists together with progress trackers available online.  I've but discovered this great progress booklet for Higher GCSE, created past times Emily Hughes who writes the blog http://ilovemathsgames.wordpress.com/.

Finally, inwards my terminal lesson amongst my Year xi course of written report I went through these ‘hints together with tips’ slides (while they ate cake, of course!). I pulled these slides together over fourth dimension from a diverseness of sources therefore pathetic for non crediting the originators of this material. It includes the rather tasteless but memorable motion-picture demonstrate below, which got a huge reaction from my class! ‘If y'all don’t similar it, don’t produce it!’ I told them. :)

Source: @mathequalslove


Skewness

Let’s beak S1, equally this year’s examine is fast approaching.

I don’t similar the way my S1 textbook deals alongside skewness. It basically only sets out methods for identifying skewness without actually explaining what it is. In this post service I hash out an choice approach.

I unremarkably operate this starter inquiry inwards my commencement S1 lesson of the year:

The quest existence that when in that place are outliers inwards a information set, the hateful becomes rather useless (unless of course of report you lot want to deceive people!).
Whilst instruction S1 I oft detect myself referring dorsum to my Bibonacci starter (‘remember that CEO? He ruined the mean!’). So I decided to brand a worksheet out of it - run across below - which I used for the commencement fourth dimension this twelvemonth when instruction skewness (if you lot similar this thence delight endure out me a review on TES!). My pupils enjoyed the action in addition to it generated interesting discussions.
There is a similar action here - from the website Illustrative Mathematics.

The fundamental instruction quest is that when information is skewed, the median is to a greater extent than meaningful than the mean. We bring diverse methods for identifying skewness inwards a information laid upwardly (summarised inwards these slides – sorry, master copy source unknown) - nosotros unremarkably reckon the shape of a frequency diagram or box plot. Sometimes skewness is apparent only from looking at the raw information (this sideways stem-and-leaf diagram is interesting). 


Pupils necessitate to retrieve that positive skew agency nosotros bring a few 'sparse' information points (possibly outliers) at the top end of the information laid upwardly – in addition to similar inwards the Bibonacci example, this volition pull the hateful up. This volition help them conceptually sympathise the diverse methods described inwards the textbook.

Finally, here's a keen fob that I learnt from my colleague Lizzie... Imagine a cute puppy sitting on the left of the graph. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 positive skew is going to run across the puppy (positive = yay, a puppy!) in addition to a negative skew is going away from the puppy (negative = acquire away from this puppy!). It's a giddy but uncomplicated in addition to memorable way of ensuring that students don't acquire the graphs mixed up.






Venn Activities

This post service is nigh using Venn Diagrams equally a didactics tool, rather than didactics the concept of Venn Diagrams themselves.  To quote the splendid Johnny Griffiths, 'The Venn Diagram amongst iii bubbles is the maths teacher's friend! ... To move able to fill upward inward an eight-region diagram shows a actually deep agreement of the distinctions that a practiced pupil has to move able to make, spell the weaker pupil finds beingness faced amongst a moving-picture exhibit such equally this much less threatening than a page of exercises'.

Before nosotros foremost using Venn activities inward Maths lessons, let's mean value nigh whether pupils are familiar amongst how Venn Diagrams work. I acknowledge to beingness a flake clueless nigh just what children written report at master copy school. The primary here), only I straight off prefer the simpler method described in linear equations activity. It helped consolidate their noesis of linear graphs in addition to allowed me to banking concern check their understanding.
  • Johnny Griffith's splendid RISPs (Rich Starting Points for H5N1 Level Core Mathematics) includes the Venn activities Risp 10 (coordinate geometry) in addition to Risp 4 (periodic functions).  In the instructor notes for Risp 10 Johnny shares his views on the usefulness of Venns.
  • A Venn action for Solving Quadratics past times Factorising past times aka nka on TES. 
  • A GCSE extension action on quadratic graphs from MEI.
  • I haven't tried this all the same only Don Steward also gives us this lovely here), only I straight off prefer the simpler method described in number activity.

  • Interactive Venns
    Venns piece of occupation good on the Interactive Whiteboard - here's roughly examples.

    Other Uses
    • When I innovate complex numbers inward FP1 nosotros create a Venn Diagram during degree news nigh types of numbers (real, rational, integers etc) in addition to their Greek symbol notation.  The NCETM has a similar Venn action inward this resource sheet.
    • Up until lately I used Venn Diagrams to learn Highest Common Factor in addition to Lowest Common Multiple (method explained here), only I straight off prefer the simpler method described in this post.
    • Quadrilaterals tin move classified using a Venn Diagram similar this one.  We tin in addition to hence answer questions such as 'Is every foursquare a rectangle? Is every rhomb a square?' A 'family tree' also plant well.

    In determination - Venns are everywhere! But inward secondary Maths they are alone formally taught to those studying iGCSE (set theory) in addition to Statistics 1 at H5N1 flat (probability). I'm pleased to run across that Venn Diagram methods inward probability are on the new Maths GCSE Syllabus so volition move to a greater extent than widely studied inward future. But inward add-on to beingness taught equally a topic inward their ain right, Venn Diagrams are a versatile didactics tool amongst numerous applications inward the classroom. And they bring the added bonus of beingness created past times a British Mathematican! Well done Mr Venn.



    Teaching Amongst Desmos

    I discovered Desmos terminal yr through @ColleenYoung's fantastic weblog Mathematics, Learning in addition to Web 2.0. It chop-chop became my favourite slice of 'teachnology'. Before Desmos I occasionally used Omnigraph or Autograph, but I at nowadays utilization Desmos regularly because it's but so tardily to use. It actually couldn't travel simpler. As it's web-based, I encourage my pupils (particularly at Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 level) to utilization Desmos at domicile to back upward their studies, for trial to depository fiscal establishment gibe graph sketches.

    Desmos on the Interactive Whiteboard
    When instruction exponential functions to Year 12, I used Desmos on my IWB to present the graphs of functions such every bit y = 2x in addition to y = 3x. We discussed our expectations for graphs such every bit y = 2-x in addition to used Desmos to check.  When nosotros plotted y = (-2)x nosotros got an interesting trial - which had me stumped for a infinitesimal - tin you lot explicate it?


    Desmos is specially helpful for demonstrating concepts inwards Further Maths (such every bit the directrix in addition to focus of a parabola) - there's unopen to expert examples in this blog.

    Desmos inwards the information technology Room
    My schoolhouse doesn’t ain tablets in addition to information technology rooms are rarely available, in addition to hence my pupils don't oftentimes acquire the conduct a opportunity to utilization applied scientific discipline during their Maths lessons. But I was in addition to hence non bad to part Desmos alongside my Year ix class, I made a big endeavor to acquire organised. I produced this worksheet for them to utilization inwards an information technology room, alongside the aim of introducing dissimilar types of graph (quadratic, cubic, reciprocal) in addition to uncomplicated transformations. After a real brusk demonstration of Desmos, the degree spent ii whole lessons working independently. I was pleased alongside their progress in addition to I promise that they'll hollo upward Desmos in addition to proceed to utilization it every bit a learning tool both at domicile in addition to at school.

    I loaded my worksheet onto TES today - along alongside a graph transformation activity that I utilization at Key Stage iv - in addition to it got me thinking well-nigh whether whatsoever other resources are available for instruction alongside Desmos.  I establish a few examples on TES, such as Investigating at in i trial lines alongside Desmos past times Tristan Jones and Using Desmos to learn Coordinate Geometry (KS3) past times phildate. I facial expression that the make of instruction resources available volition grow every bit increasing numbers of teachers respect in addition to encompass this fantastic tool.  




    All Most Gradient

    When nosotros learn linear graphs at Key Stage 3, nosotros oft fille the chance to explore useful real-life mathematics. In this post service I portion practical ideas in addition to resources for pedagogy the concept of gradient.

    A feel of steepness
    At schoolhouse nosotros usually limited gradients every bit integers or fractions exactly route signs inwards the Britain present gradients every bit percentages.  Older signs showed ratios (rise:run) - arguably these were easier to interpret.

    The route sign pictured indicates a slope of 25% ie 1 quarter. We nation the slope of this route is 'one inwards four'. Think almost this every bit 'rise over run' in addition to thus translate this every bit 'we become upward 1 unit of measurement for every 4 units nosotros become across'. Wouldn't it last keen if nosotros could saltation inwards the schoolhouse minibus amongst our marker in addition to crusade to a route amongst a 25% slope to reckon how steep it is? Unfortunately this is in all probability impractical (though it could last develop every bit a homework, depending on how hilly your local expanse is!).

    There are some impressively steep roads in article attempts to calculate the steepest slope that 1 tin cycle up.  This article says that anything over 16% is considered rattling challenging for cyclists of all abilities.

    Ripley Street Ridge, San Francisco
    Practical activities using trigonometry
    In existent life it is ordinarily impossible to mensurate the rising in addition to run of a slope so nosotros piece of job trigonometry to calculate these lengths. Picture a slope every bit a right-angled triangle - nosotros tin piece of job a clinometer to mensurate the angle of elevation in addition to mayhap a trundle wheel to mensurate the length of the hypotenuse. Trigonometry tin in addition to then last used to calculate the rising in addition to run inwards lodge to detect the gradient. The tabular array below shows gradients in addition to their equivalent angles of elevation.  I intend it's of import that students empathise the connection betwixt a 100% slope in addition to a 45 aeroplane angle.

    Source: Wikipedia
    Gradient tin too last calculated using Pythagoras' Theorem. Say a human cycles 5km on a slope in addition to knows (from his altimeter watch) that he has climbed 250m vertically.  Again, flick a right-angled triangle - the hypotenuse is 5000m in addition to the superlative is 250m. Use Pythagoras to calculate the base of operations (4994m).  Now piece of job 'rise over run' to calculate the slope - inwards this illustration nosotros learn 5%.

    These real-life applications of mathematics tin easily last made into practical marker activities. For illustration y'all could use home-made clinometers and trigonometry to calculate the gradients of slopes inwards in addition to around school, similar staircases in addition to ramps.

    Resources for pedagogy gradient
    • My worksheet on real-life gradients on TES
    • A broad gain of exercises inwards this pack. Note that this is a American resources so uses the price slope in addition to marker instead of gradient.
    • A mensurate of slope - lesson in addition to activities from Mathematics Assessment Project
    • A worksheet of contextual slope problems
    • A gradient activity from Nrich
    • Mixed slope questions by linzbfc on TES
    • PowerPoint on gradients yesteryear Andrea Frame on TES
    • What is gradient? worksheet yesteryear MathsPad
    • this curt video of person cycling upward a route amongst 38% gradient. Looks similar difficult work! As a affair of interest, this rather technical article attempts to calculate the steepest slope that 1 tin cycle up.  This article says that anything over 16% is considered rattling challenging for cyclists of all abilities.

      Ripley Street Ridge, San Francisco
      Practical activities using trigonometry
      In existent life it is ordinarily impossible to mensurate the rising in addition to run of a slope so nosotros piece of job trigonometry to calculate these lengths. Picture a slope every bit a right-angled triangle - nosotros tin piece of job a clinometer to mensurate the angle of elevation in addition to mayhap a trundle wheel to mensurate the length of the hypotenuse. Trigonometry tin in addition to then last used to calculate the rising in addition to run inwards lodge to detect the gradient. The tabular array below shows gradients in addition to their equivalent angles of elevation.  I intend it's of import that students empathise the connection betwixt a 100% slope in addition to a 45 aeroplane angle.

      Source: Wikipedia
      Gradient tin too last calculated using Pythagoras' Theorem. Say a human cycles 5km on a slope in addition to knows (from his altimeter watch) that he has climbed 250m vertically.  Again, flick a right-angled triangle - the hypotenuse is 5000m in addition to the superlative is 250m. Use Pythagoras to calculate the base of operations (4994m).  Now piece of job 'rise over run' to calculate the slope - inwards this illustration nosotros learn 5%.

      These real-life applications of mathematics tin easily last made into practical marker activities. For illustration y'all could use home-made clinometers and trigonometry to calculate the gradients of slopes inwards in addition to around school, similar staircases in addition to ramps.

      Resources for pedagogy gradient

      Possible homework investigation questions
      What is a funicular? Why tin funiculars go at steeper than 90 degrees?
      What’s the maximum marker allowed for a railway without cable or cogs?
      Why produce y'all intend route builders convey to worry about the marker of the road?
      Why produce y'all intend nosotros convey regulations for building wheelchair ramps?
      At what steepness produce avalanches occur?
      Is it possible to ski at xc degrees steepness?
      (source)

      I promise this post service has inspired y'all to seek out out some novel ideas when pedagogy gradient!  Let me know how y'all learn on (@mathsjem).
      Unusual slope sign inwards Hertfordshire, UK

    Linear Graphs

    One of the topics that my pupils fighting amongst the most, from Key Stage iii correct through to Year 12, is linear graphs.

    My brilliant Year 11s know the dominion for finding the slope of a perpendicular line, but can't operate out how to respond a GCSE interrogation similar this:
    Strangely, I learn this differently at GCSE too Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 level.  At GCSE my pupils write down
    y = mx + c
    too substitute values for y, thousand too x, too thus solve for c.  Whereas at Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 marker my pupils utilization the equation
    y - y1 = m(x - x1)
    Essentially the same method but a slightly dissimilar approach. Perhaps I should hold out to a greater extent than consistent too innovate the 'A marker method' at GCSE. I'd similar to remove heed what other teachers do.

    In this postal service I’ll advise closed to ideas too resources for didactics linear graphs.

    Key words
    Let's showtime amongst the basics. There's a lot of novel vocabulary inward coordinate geometry, closed to of which pupils volition accept encountered at primary school. This is a overnice vocabulary noesis survey every bit suggested inward my earlier post

    Here's a overnice play a trick on for remembering the words parallel too perpendicular (this could hold out helpful for spellings - parallel is oftentimes misspelt): 

    too this activity is suitable for Year six or 7. 

    Introducing the shape y = mx + c
    I'd unremarkably showtime this topic inward Year seven or 8 amongst plotting conduct work graphs (Teachit Maths provides an excellent Drawing Straight Line Graphs booklet for this purpose), before exploring the shape y = mx + c.

    This topic provides an splendid chance for pupil investigation using Desmos. Use a worksheet to guide pupils through the lesson:

    Once pupils are able to translate the values of thousand too c too thus they tin endeavour this exercise or this true/false activity (both from rogradymaths.blogspot.co.uk). Teachit Maths also has a overnice 'Understanding y = mx+c' worksheet and two activities on horizontal too vertical lines.

    My weblog postal service 'All nigh gradient' features ideas too resources for didactics slope (the postal service focuses mainly on real-life applications of the concept of steepness, but also features links to slope worksheets too activities).

    Understanding parallel too perpendicular gradients
    So here's the primal data that pupils demand to understand:

    If they know how to operate out a slope every bit 'rise over run' (or equivalent) too thus pupils should hold out able to derive the 'negative reciprocal' dominion for perpendicular gradients from an activeness similar this ane from MathsPad.

    Here's a few activities for a lesson on perpendicular lines:

    Bringing it all together
    When students written report linear graphs at AS level, they don't actually acquire anything novel - my GCSE pupils should accept the necessary skills too noesis to respond C1 coordinate geometry questions. I gave my Year xi pupils questions 5 - seven from this AS worksheet final twelvemonth - it took them ages to respond each question, but they were for sure capable. Essentially it's merely the wording of the questions that throws them.

    Here's closed to to a greater extent than recommended resources suitable for GCSE students:

    Finally, fun for puzzle-lovers in linear relationships sudoku and a overnice Key Stage iii Christmas activeness on plotting linear graphs from Teachit Maths - Mistletoe too Lines.

    Finally, always wondered which countries utilization y = mx + c annotation too which countries utilization something different? Check out this map.








    Bringing Babies Into A Statistics Lesson

    I’m non specially into babies (apart from my ain niggling terrors darlings) precisely I learn at a girls’ schoolhouse in addition to the bulk of my students response rather good to babe materials (apologies for the stereotyping). It’s surprisingly tardily to characteristic babies inward your statistics lessons if y'all thus please. I’ve already blogged near my Bibonacci starter. There’s likewise this pregnant moo-cow attempt enquiry (part d is the entirely S1 attempt enquiry I've e'er seen which requires students to know that 68.3% of usually distributed information is inside 1 measure difference of the mean).

    Edexcel S1 Jan 2002, Q5

    I used this enquiry inward an S1 lesson when I was heavily pregnant, much to the entertainment of my students. It led to a give-and-take near the gestation periods of other mammals (those pitiable elephants!). We’d clearly hold back a fairly strong correlation betwixt size in addition to gestation - when I learn a lead chances I'll run into if I tin pattern an interesting activeness using this information (I wonder whether anything similar is done inward biology).

    Speaking of gestation periods - I retrieve when my due appointment for my get-go immature lady came in addition to went, I tried to respect statistics online to tell me how far overdue I mightiness go. I wanted to know the probability of babe arriving at 42 weeks. I didn’t respect much online at the fourth dimension precisely 1 time to a greater extent than I experience it could brand for an interesting lesson.

    If y'all are a rear in addition to then y'all may move familiar amongst ‘the ruby-red book’, which is the Personal Child Health Record issued to all babies born inward the UK. This is a child's main tape of immunisations, development, wellness reviews in addition to thus on. At the dorsum of the ruby-red mass are the ‘UK-WHO Growth Charts’ where scatter graphs are plotted of the child’s tiptop in addition to weight against their age. On these scatter graphs are centile lines, to allow parents in addition to wellness professionals to compare the child’s measurements against other children of the same age. On a few occasions, I’ve been asked to explicate the pregnant of these charts to friends amongst newborn babies, thus it occurred to me that the increment charts could help me explicate the concept of percentiles to my S1 classes.

    The ruby-red mass contains this description of the centile lines on the increment charts:


    More information near the charts is available inward this fact sheet from the RCPCH.

    While I was thinking near how to pattern an activeness for my S1 course of didactics based on these charts, I discovered that the writer of The Chalk Face has beaten me to it amongst this dainty 'Quartiles in addition to Percentiles' activity. And @srcav has already written this weblog postal service 'the mathematics of parenthood' near the potential to run increment charts inward his teaching.

    Incidentally, the ruby-red mass says ‘someone who has been appropriately trained should consummate the increment chart’. Hmm. I promise they're non suggesting that members of the populace are incapable of adding a dot to a uncomplicated scatter graph?!

    Right, my babe is awake directly thus I'll expire along to develop these ideas about other time...  Do permit me know if y'all tin think of whatever other baby-related information to add together to my theme.


    My mini-mathematicians.  July 2014.


    Resources, Resources, Resources...

    Inequalities activeness - Project Maths
    I've been working actually difficult on my resources libraries lately, hence I'm pleased to nation I'm lastly cook to part them! They tin live accessed through the tabs at the exceed of the page.

    This is where I've set all my resources recommendations for you lot to browse when you're planning lessons. The A' degree pages volition in all probability live the most helpful every bit it tin live difficult to detect practiced resources for Key Stage 5. 

    My recommendations are yesteryear no agency exhaustive - there's loads of practiced resources I haven't discovered withal (the cyberspace is also big, I can't hap upwards alongside it!). But I volition update my listings whenever I come upwards across something specially good. To clarify what I hateful yesteryear 'good' - my recommendations include well-designed activities, rich tasks and worksheets for topics where I yell back it tin live difficult to detect suitable do questions. 

    My Top three Websites
    The resources I've recommended are all gratis in addition to come upwards from a broad make of sources.  Here's my electrical flow favourite websites, inward no detail order.
    1. Roof Truss task (trigonometry) and Bee Aware (scatter graphs) - at that topographic point are hundreds to a greater extent than in addition to they're all awesome.  
    2. MathsPad has enough of first-class gratis resources. Subscription (£3 per month) gives access to their total range. I dear the way their resources are designed, including their interactive activities which are all rattling engaging in addition to slowly to use. Example resources include this lovely Square in addition to Cube Numbers Puzzle, and for older pupils I actually like Is it Rational?. 
    3. Teachit Maths has large, well-organised resources libraries.  Free registration gives access to resources inward pdf form, which is fine for all their printable activities in addition to worksheets. You'll demand a subscription (£25 per year) if you lot also desire to access PowerPoints, interactive activities, didactics tools etc. Worksheets are well-designed, engaging in addition to include solutions. Examples of their resources include this Mental Powers Code Breaker in addition to this Transforming Graphs carte form activity, which I accept used successfully alongside both my Year 11s in addition to Year 12s.
    Special advert to The Chalk Face and Mathematics Assessment Project - both of these websites are total of first-class ideas. I also larn a lot of resources from TES. One of my favourite TES contributors is SRWhitehouse who creates first-class Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 degree activities. For a total (and ever-expanding) listing of recommended resources websites, come across my links page.

    Factor Trees - Median Don Steward

    My Blog
    Now I've finished creating my resources libraries, I tin larn dorsum to focussing on my blog. Here's approximately of the highlights hence far...

    For a total listing of my weblog posts come across the blog archive.  Not bad going for three months!

    'Find the Coordinates' chore yesteryear Susan Wall


    Scatter Graphs

    This weblog is becoming a fleck statistics-heavy, which is ironic given that I don’t specially similar pedagogy statistics at Key Stage iii as well as 4.  I much prefer pedagogy algebra. I’m also quite peachy on surds as well as indices. And I similar trigonometry. In fact, apart from the strange annoying-to-teach topic similar loci as well as constructions, I’d seat most information treatment topics correct at the bottom of my ‘things I relish teaching’ list. It never fails to amaze me how long roughly teenagers receive got to plot a graph. What a faff.

    Anyway, this postal service is all most ideas for pedagogy scatter graphs. And I retrieve to follow it upwards alongside a postal service looking at applications of box as well as whisker plots exterior the maths classroom.  But as well as thus I’ll halt alongside all the statistics.

    Practical activities
    Unusually for a maths lesson, there's opportunities for roughly practical activities when nosotros innovate scatter graphs. The obvious sentiment is to receive got students plot meridian or manus bridge against shoe size. If you lot desire to acquire fifty-fifty to a greater extent than practical, attempt a human scatter graph inward the classroom or inward the playground (using chalk axes).

    Outliers 
    I similar to purpose the ii scatter graphs shown below (stolen from a Ten Ticks worksheet) inward a shape give-and-take most outliers.  Ask your shape what could receive got caused these extreme values as well as you'll in all likelihood acquire roughly actually creative suggestions!


    Line of Best Fit
    I instruct my students to depict a trouble of best stand upwards for yesteryear trying to minimise the distances betwixt all the points as well as the line. That’s what a to the lowest degree squares regression does. Contrary to pop belief, at that spot doesn't receive got to live the same release of points to a higher house as well as below the line. Nor does the trouble receive got to become through whatsoever of the points. And the trouble sure enough doesn't receive got to become through the origin. Beware of dodgy methods taught inward other subjects. This misconceptions activity yesteryear frickard on TES is helpful - I've used this inward a 'hands on caput if you lot retrieve it's true, hands on hips if you lot retrieve it's false' activity.

    Impossible Predictions
    'Extrapolation' from regression lines is something that comes upwards at Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 level, only the sentiment tin terminate brand for interesting discussions at Key Stage iii or GCSE. The telephone substitution signal is that fifty-fifty if nosotros detect a linear human relationship inward the information we're examining, nosotros can't assume that human relationship extends beyond the make of the data. Here's a dainty instance for shape discussion:

    The graph below shows a negative correlation betwixt twelvemonth as well as fourth dimension taken yesteryear athletes to run 100m. It suggests that the speed of 100m runners has increased over time. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 trouble of best stand upwards for has been drawn. Why produce you lot retrieve 100m runners are getting faster? Do you lot retrieve this tendency volition continue?


    Possible reasons for the increment inward speed include: advances inward technology (ie to a greater extent than lightweight or streamlined clothe as well as trainers), inquiry into optimal diets as well as grooming plans, sponsorship important athletes receive got to a greater extent than fourth dimension to train, the introduction of starting blocks inward the 1940s as well as an improvement inward the accuracy of timing the race.

    If the tendency continues indefinitely (ie if nosotros depict the trouble of best stand upwards for into the future) as well as thus at roughly signal people would live able to run 100m inward null seconds, which is impossible. There must live a signal at which the fourth dimension volition plateau, due to limits inward humans' physical capabilities. Although at that spot is a linear correlation, nosotros must live careful non to brand predictions inward the yesteryear or futurity because the linear human relationship is over a express fourth dimension period.

    The graph comes from this Minitab Blog post as well as the sentiment was seat into my caput yesteryear Kings College London PGCE tutor Chris Olley. 

    "Wind is caused yesteryear the rotation of windmills"
    I love the causation vs correlation discussion.  It's a real of import learning signal for students who volition come upwards across all sorts of dodgy statistics inward everyday life.

    doubt.it

    Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 typical instance is shoe size as well as reading age. The ii variables are positively correlated, only apparently the size of someone's feet has no demeanor on on their reading ability. For to a greater extent than ideas banking concern check out this spurious correlations website.

    If you're planning a shape give-and-take on causation as well as thus receive got a quick read of 'Correlation does non imply causation'on Wikipedia (not e'er the best source only gives roughly skillful examples).

    Correlation does non imply causation, only it does waggle its eyebrows suggestively as well as gesture furtively spell mouthing "look over there". – xkcd 

    Resources
    Finally, here's a few resources that you lot could purpose inward your lessons:
    • I love this Bee Aware action from Don Steward. It could easily live made into a mini-project/display move most the campaign as well as demeanor on of the demise of dear bees.
    • The first-class Mathematics Assessment Project gives us ii tasks - Scatter Diagram and Birds' Eggs
    • There's no shortage of real-life applications of scatter graphs. This worksheet 'Shake It Up alongside Scatterplots' is 1 of many examples (here's the solutions).
    • Nrich gives us this nice David as well as Goliath activity.
    • 'Foldables' seem to live a big matter inward U.S.A. math lessons, only I've never seen them inward the UK. I retrieve my students would quite similar them. Here's an sentiment for correlation foldables from the weblog 'Everybody is a Genius'.
    • I similar this online tool for checking the accuracy of lines of best stand upwards for from Mark Ritchings
    • Here's an interesting group project. I similar the sentiment of giving each pair/group ii options thus they tin terminate select the variables they prefer, as well as that everyone inward the shape is working on something different. Also, the 'assigned tasks' for each grouping fellow member (see in conclusion page) is an sentiment I haven't seen earlier for organising grouping work. These detail tasks may non live suitable for a United Kingdom of Great Britain as well as Northern Ireland of Britain as well as Northern Republic of Ireland lesson because nosotros don't hold off students to calculate the equations of lines of best fit, only the sentiment could live adapted.

    I promise this postal service has been helpful.  Please comment if you lot receive got whatsoever ideas to share. 

    By the way, this cool moving scatter graph is worth a look.


    xkcd.com

    Consistent Mathematics

    ‘But Miss, that’s non what our lastly instructor said’

    I read an interesting Multiplication methods are a practiced representative of this. There’s been roughly tidings almost multiplication methods lately on twitter - most people concord that if nosotros acquire the right respond in addition to so it shouldn't affair what method nosotros use.

    As teachers nosotros take away maintain our ain preferences. And pupils may take away maintain their ain methods too, learnt from teachers, parents, tutors, Kumon (grrr...) in addition to so on. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 practiced representative is the means nosotros notice a highest mutual factor - there’s many dissimilar methods, all as valid (I'm convinced I've finally flora the Poorly Executed Mnemonics Definitely Addle Students' by Bill Shillito - so I won’t go through it all again, but let’s think almost how to develop it.

    As a minimum, nosotros postulate all teachers inward a schoolhouse to live on board alongside a novel approach. In an ideal province of affairs we’d acquire all maths teachers inward the province – no actually, inward the footing – on board. Now, inward a rather tiny pace towards changing the footing – I’ll start past times discussing this inward my division coming together on the commencement solar daytime of term inward September.

    If our pupils take away maintain met BODMAS at master copy school, we’ll take away maintain to tell them to disregard it, in addition to we’ll take away maintain to demonstrate them why past times demonstrating the misconceptions it may Pb to. Like many others, I’m an advocate of teaching GEMA or GEMS instead. Some American maths teachers take away maintain already written blog posts almost this approach. It’s a hurting that most of my lovely resources reference the term BODMAS though. If I acquire fourth dimension over summertime I’ll brand roughly choice GEMA resources.

    Changing quartile terminology
    Now I don’t think I’m going to brand whatever progress alongside this i because it doesn’t termination inward whatever serious misconceptions. Am I the alone someone bothered past times the fact that nosotros work the term ‘lower quartile’ to depict both the bottom 25% of the information in addition to the cut-off value 25% of the means through the data? John Tukey, inventor of the box plot, used the tidings ‘hinge’ instead ie the lower quartile consists of the values betwixt the minimum value in addition to the lower hinge. I prefer this terminology, in addition to I’ve seen it used inward a few places, but I doubtfulness it volition live widely adopted.

    Maths nosotros desire to alter but can’t
    When nosotros innovate the thought of squaring sinx at Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 level, nosotros tell pupils to write sin2x instead of sinx2 (to clarify that it’s non the x that’s beingness squared). But nosotros take away maintain to carefully explicate that sin-1x doesn't hateful the reciprocal of sinx, but truly the inverse ie arcsin. The obvious solution to this confusing annotation is to halt using -1 to dot inverse functions – but in addition to so we’d postulate to redesign estimator buttons! Why didn’t estimator designers write arcsin, arccos in addition to arctan on the inverse trig buttons?

    The work of -1 to hateful both a reciprocal in addition to an inverse business office is i of the many mathematical annoyances discussed inward this ship on Reddit ‘What Mathematical Conventions would yous change?’. You mightiness also live interested inward this article ‘The most mutual errors inward undergraduate mathematics’.

    Inconsistent mathematical methods
    I don’t think it’s a job if pupils work a diversity of methods to respond the same question. Multiplication methods are a practiced representative of this. There’s been roughly tidings almost multiplication methods lately on twitter - most people concord that if nosotros acquire the right respond in addition to so it shouldn't affair what method nosotros use.

    As teachers nosotros take away maintain our ain preferences. And pupils may take away maintain their ain methods too, learnt from teachers, parents, tutors, Kumon (grrr...) in addition to so on. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 practiced representative is the means nosotros notice a highest mutual factor - there’s many dissimilar methods, all as valid (I'm convinced I've finally flora the best method though!). Another representative is the approach nosotros take away maintain to exchange in addition to rearranging. When I work the Cosine Rule to notice an angle, I substitute the numbers into the formula a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bcCosA then I rearrange. But I’ve noticed that most of my colleagues tell students to rearrange the algebra before they substitute. It mightiness confuse students when they commencement catch a novel approach, but this opens upward a useful dialogue almost the equivalence of dissimilar methods.

    Here’s a few to a greater extent than examples of where teachers take away maintain dissimilar approaches:
    • When teaching trigonometry inward right-angled triangles, non everyone says ‘SOHCAHTOA’. At schoolhouse I learnt a Multiplication methods are a practiced representative of this. There’s been roughly tidings almost multiplication methods lately on twitter - most people concord that if nosotros acquire the right respond in addition to so it shouldn't affair what method nosotros use.

      As teachers nosotros take away maintain our ain preferences. And pupils may take away maintain their ain methods too, learnt from teachers, parents, tutors, Kumon (grrr...) in addition to so on. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 practiced representative is the means nosotros notice a highest mutual factor - there’s many dissimilar methods, all as valid (I'm convinced I've finally flora the trigonometry triangles too.
    • I’ve already written almost differing methods for finding the equation of a at i time draw inward my Multiplication methods are a practiced representative of this. There’s been roughly tidings almost multiplication methods lately on twitter - most people concord that if nosotros acquire the right respond in addition to so it shouldn't affair what method nosotros use.

      As teachers nosotros take away maintain our ain preferences. And pupils may take away maintain their ain methods too, learnt from teachers, parents, tutors, Kumon (grrr...) in addition to so on. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 practiced representative is the means nosotros notice a highest mutual factor - there’s many dissimilar methods, all as valid (I'm convinced I've finally flora the linear graphs post.
    • I i time had a Year eleven degree who’d been taught past times their previous instructor to notice the nth term of a sequence using the a + (n-1)d formula that nosotros usually learn at Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 level. It worked well.
    • I don’t work the ‘FOIL’ social club when I expand brackets on the board in addition to this confuses roughly of my pupils who appear to think that FOIL is the alone right method.

    Inconsistent vocabulary in addition to pronunciation
    I state parab-ola, my colleague says para-bola. I’m pretty certain I state it right (in fact, I only checked here to brand sure!). But I had a minute of doubtfulness when my pupils all laughed at my pronunciation because they’d heard it pronounced differently the previous year. Now this truly isn’t the destination of the world, but it made me wonder almost my pronunciation of other words, such as cyclic (as inward cyclic quadrilateral), alternate (as inward alternate angles) in addition to ln (as inward natural log).

    As for vocabulary, I switch betwixt the price 'index' in addition to 'power' all the time. This is only i representative of my inconsistencies. I don't think it's a job to work a diversity of words, inward fact it mightiness live a practiced thing, as long as all novel vocabulary is explained to students.

    Inconsistent standards
    I taught a Year 12 lastly twelvemonth whose piece of work was laid out so badly it was almost impossible to follow. She scattered her workings all over the page, sometimes showing me where to hold off adjacent alongside flowery arrows. She set multiple equals signs on the same draw of working, in addition to her lastly respond was e'er hidden away somewhere. Her piece of work was also mathematically incorrect. Although I commented - many times - on the province of her workings, I decided it was to a greater extent than of import to focus our express fourth dimension together on fixing her mathematical misconceptions. I felt frustrated that her appalling approach to setting out her piece of work hadn’t been dealt alongside at an before age.

    I recollect when I was a pupil inward the Upper Sixth Form, my maths instructor wrote on a homework that I’d used the symbols for 'equals' in addition to 'therefore' interchangeably. I’d seen her work a double arrow symbol on the board in addition to misunderstood its meaning. I was utterly confused (and embarrassed!) because I’d been doing it wrong for over a twelvemonth in addition to she’d never mentioned it before!

    I also think nosotros could create a lot to a greater extent than to encourage clearer mathematical handwriting (both numbers in addition to algebra). We all take away maintain our ain styles though. I’m guilty of writing diagonal lines inward fractions on the board fifty-fifty though I know I shouldn’t.

    A instance study
    It’s worth reading this good practise written report from Ofsted: “In many schools, students’ long-term progress inward mathematics is slowed past times inconsistent teaching. At Archbishop Temple School, really effective leadership of a potent squad of teachers ensures that students sense teaching that is consistently practiced or better. Students inward all groups create goodness because dissimilar teachers work mutual approaches in addition to teaching styles”. There are lots of practiced ideas inward this instance study, such as the formal sharing of resources betwixt teachers in addition to ‘book swapping’ – non inward the critical ‘how much marker create yous do?’ form of way, but alongside a stance to encouraging consistent practice.

    I think that novel products in addition to technologies similar Complete Mathematics past times La Salle Education volition create a lot to back upward teachers, improve consistency in addition to heighten teaching standards. The flipped classroom approach, which has been gaining popularity recently, may also take away maintain an touching on on consistency.

    I’d live interested to take away heed your views on whether nosotros postulate to improve consistency inward maths teaching in addition to how nosotros could become almost doing so.


    Image: mentalfloss.com